Image: © GEBCO
The GEBCO_2022 Grid is a global terrain model for ocean and land, providing elevation data, in meters, on a 15 arc-second interval grid of 43200 rows x 86400 columns, giving 3,732,480,000 data points. The data values are pixel-centre registered i.e. they refer to elevations, in meters, at the centre of grid cells.
The data are available to download according to the Terms of Use provided below.
The grid is accompanied by a Type Identifier (TID) Grid, giving information on the types of source data that the GEBCO_2022 Grid is based on.
The primary GEBCO_2022 grid contains land and ice surface elevation information. A version is also made available with under-ice topography/bathymetry information for Greenland and Antarctica.
The grid was published in June 2022 and is the fourth GEBCO grid developed through the Nippon Foundation-GEBCO Seabed 2030 Project. This is a collaborative project between the Nippon Foundation of Japan and GEBCO. The Seabed 2030 Project aims to bring together all available bathymetric data to produce the definitive map of the world ocean floor and make it available to all.
Please note that the lastest GEBCO grid release is available here.
The GEBCO_2022 Grid can be download from our historical data sets page or from the download app.
The GEBCO_2022 Grid is a continuous, global terrain model for ocean and land with a spatial resolution of 15 arc seconds. It uses as a ‘base’ version 2.4 of the SRTM15+ data set between latitudes of 50° South and 60° North. This data set is a fusion of land topography with measured and estimated seafloor topography. This version of SRTM15+ is similar to version 2.1 [Tozer et al., 2019] but includes additional data sets. It uses predicted depths based on the V31 gravity model [Sandwell et al., 2019].
The SRTM15+ base grid has been augmented with the gridded bathymetric data sets developed by the four Seabed 2030 Regional Centers to produce the GEBCO_2022 Grid. The Regional Centers have compiled gridded bathymetric data sets, largely based on multibeam data, for their areas of responsibility. These regional grids were then provided to the Global Center. For areas outside of the polar regions (primarily south of 60°N and north of 50°S), these data sets are in the form of 'sparse grids', i.e. only grid cells that contain data were populated. For the polar regions, complete grids were provided due to the complexities of incorporating data held in polar coordinates.
The compilation of the GEBCO_2022 Grid from these regional data grids was carried out at the Global Center, with the aim of producing a seamless global terrain model. For the 2020 and 2021 releases of the GEBCO grid, the data sets provided as sparse grids by the Regional Centers were included on to the base grid without any blending. This led to discontinuities at the boundary between the regional grids and the base grids in some areas, largely in regions where the base grid is not constrained by measured data, i.e. areas of large differences between the data sets.
For the 2022 Grid, the sparse regional grids have been included on to the base grid using a ‘remove-restore’ blending procedure (Smith and Sandwell, 1997; Becker, Sandwell and Smith, 2009 and Hell and Jakobsson, 2011). This is a two-stage process of computing the difference between the new data and the ‘base’ grid and then gridding the difference and adding the difference back to the existing ‘base’ grid. The aim is to achieve a smooth transition between the 'new' and 'base' data sets with the minimum of perturbation of the existing base data set. However, please note that there may be differences between the 2022 and 2021 grid in regions outside areas of measured data due to the grid merging process. For the polar data sets supplied in the form of complete grids these data sets were included using feather blending techniques from GlobalMapper software version 23.1.0 made available by Blue Marble Geographics. Some additional edits were made to the final grid to remove erroneous values identified in the previous grid and notified to the Global Centre.
The GEBCO_2022 Grid includes data sets from a number of international and national data repositories and regional mapping initiatives. Information on the data sets included in the grid is given in our data contributors list.
Please see the accompanying documentation for more information on the development of the grid 
(0.1 MB).
The GEBCO_2022 grid is made available in two versions, containing:
The information for ice-surface elevation and under-ice topography/bathymetry is taken from IceBridge BedMachine Greenland, Version 4.6 (Morlighem, M. et al. 2017) and data based on MEaSUREs BedMachine Antarctica, Version 2 (Morlighem, M. et al 2020).
The land data in the GEBCO Grid are taken directly from SRTM15+ V2.4 data set for all areas outside the Polar regions – see the SRTM15_plus data set documentation for more information. South of 60°S, the land/ ice-surface elevation topography is largely determined from MEaSUREs BedMachine Antarctica, Version 2 (Morlighem, M. et al 2020). For areas north of 60°N, land data are largely taken from the Global Multi-resolution Terrain Elevation Data 2010 (GMTED2010) data set (Danielson, J.J., and Gesch, D.B., 2011).
The GEBCO Grid is accompanied by a Type Identifier (TID) grid. This data set identifies the type of source data that the corresponding grid cells in the GEBCO Grid are based on. Further information about the format and coding of the TID grid is given below.
| TID | Definition |
|---|---|
| 0 | Land |
| Direct measurements | |
| 10 | Singlebeam - depth value collected by a single beam echo-sounder |
| 11 | Multibeam - depth value collected by a multibeam echo-sounder |
| 12 | Seismic - depth value collected by seismic methods |
| 13 | Isolated sounding - depth value that is not part of a regular survey or trackline |
| 14 | ENC sounding - depth value extracted from an Electronic Navigation Chart (ENC) |
| 15 | Lidar - depth derived from a bathymetric lidar sensor |
| 16 | Depth measured by optical light sensor |
| 17 | Combination of direct measurement methods |
| Indirect measurements | |
| 40 | Predicted based on satellite-derived gravity data - depth value is an interpolated value guided by satellite-derived gravity data |
| 41 | Interpolated based on a computer algorithm - depth value is an interpolated value based on a computer algorithm (e.g. Generic Mapping Tools) |
| 42 | Digital bathymetric contours from charts - depth value taken from a bathymetric contour data set |
| 43 | Digital bathymetric contours from ENCs - depth value taken from bathymetric contours from an Electronic Navigation Chart (ENC) |
| 44 | Bathymetric sounding - depth value at this location is constrained by bathymetric sounding(s) within a gridded data set where interpolation between sounding points is guided by satellite-derived gravity data |
| 45 | Predicted based on helicopter/flight-derived gravity data |
| 46 | Depth estimated by calculating the draft of a grounded iceberg using satellite-derived freeboard measurement. | Unknown |
| 70 | Pre-generated grid - depth value is taken from a pre-generated grid that is based on mixed source data types, e.g. single beam, multibeam, interpolation etc. |
| 71 | Unknown source - depth value from an unknown source |
| 72 | Steering points - depth value used to constrain the grid in areas of poor data coverage |
The complete GEBCO_2022 data set provides global coverage, spanning 89° 59' 52.5''N, 179° 59' 52.5''W to 89° 59' 52.5''S, 179° 59' 52.5''E on a 15 arc-second geographic latitude and longitude grid. It consists of 43200 rows x 86400 columns, giving 3,732,480,000 data points. The data values are pixel-centre registered i.e. they refer to elevations, in meters, at the centre of grid cells.
The GEBCO grid can be assumed to be relative to WGS84.
GEBCO's global elevation models are generated by the assimilation of heterogeneous data types, assuming all of them to be referred to Mean Sea Level. However, in some shallow water areas, the grids include data from sources having a vertical datum other than mean sea level.
The GEBCO_2022 NetCDF files are provided in NetCDF 4 format and conform to the NetCDF Climate and Forecast (CF) Metadata Convention v1.6 (http://cfconventions.org/).
Within the NetCDF files, the GEBCO_2022 gridded data are stored as a two-dimensional array of 2-byte integer values of elevation in metres, with negative values for bathymetric depths and positive values for topographic heights. The GEBCO_2022 TID grid is provided in the NetCDF format, but data are stored as a two-dimensional array of single byte integers.
If the data sets are used in a presentation or publication then we ask that you acknowledge the source.This should be of the form:
GEBCO Compilation Group (2022) GEBCO_2022 Grid (doi:10.5285/e0f0bb80-ab44-2739-e053-6c86abc0289c)
The GEBCO Grid is placed in the public domain and may be used free of charge.
Use of the GEBCO Grid indicates that the user accepts the conditions of use and disclaimer information given below.
While every effort is made to produce an error free grid, some artefacts may still appear in the data set. Please see our errata page for information on known bugs in the dataset.
If you find any anomalies in the grid then please report them via email (), giving the problem location, and we will investigate.
| Contributing Project/Organization | Regional Data Set (including reference/link where available) |
|---|---|
| Alaska Fisheries Science Center of the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Marine Fisheries Service (NOAA Alaskan Fisheries), USA | Bathymetry data from the Alaska bathymetry compilations for the Aleutian Islands, central Gulf of Alaska, Cook Inlet and Norton Sound. https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/alaska/ecosystems/alaska-bathymetry-sediments-and-smooth-sheets Digitized chart soundings, Alaska: Proofed digitized historical chart soundings from “smooth sheets” covering Alaskan waters Proofed digitized historical chart soundings from “smooth sheets” covering Alaskan waters. Zimmermann, M., Prescott, M. M. & Haeussler, P. J. Bathymetry and Geomorphology of Shelikof Strait and the Western Gulf of Alaska. Geosciences 9, 409, doi:doi:10.3390/geosciences9100409 (2019). Prescott, M. M. & Zimmermann, M. Smooth sheet bathymetry of Norton Sound. Report No. Memo. NMFS-AFSC-298, 23 (U.S. Department of Commerce, 2015). Zimmermann, M. & Prescott, M. M. Smooth sheet bathymetry of Cook Inlet, Alaska. Report No. Memo. NMFS-AFSC-275, 32 (U.S. Department of Commerce, 2014). Zimmermann, M., Prescott, M. M. & Rooper, C. N. Smooth sheet bathymetry of the Aleutian Islands. Report No. Memo. NMFS-AFSC-250, 43 (U.S. Department of Commerce, 2013). |
| AusSeabed, Australia | Beaman, R. 2018. High-resolution depth model for Northern Australia - 30 m., Geoscience Australia, Canberra. http://dx.doi.org/10.4225/25/5b35b3b8074a9 Grided multibeam bathymetry data sourced from AusSeabed in the Indian Ocean region https://portal.ga.gov.au/ |
| Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), USA | Northern Gulf of Mexico Deepwater Bathymetry Grid from 3D Seismic
https://www.boem.gov/Gulf-of-Mexico-Deepwater-Bathymetry/ |
| Canadian Hydrographic Service, Canada | Non-Navigational (NONNA-100) Bathymetric Data: represents all currently validated, digital bathymetric sources acquired by CHS, combined at a resolution of approximately 100 metres. Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence – Canada. https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/d3881c4c-650d-4070-bf9b-1e00aabf0a1d |
| Deakin University, Australia | Seafloor mapping data, Victoria – 10m grid Collation of seafloor structure information (bathymetry and softness hardness) collected using multibeam sonar systems as part of the Victorian Marine Habitat Mapping Project and bathymetric light detection and ranging data (LiDAR) collected as part of the future coats program. The geographic is Victorian State waters. http://dro.deakin.edu.au/view/DU:30043228 |
| Deep Reef Explorer (www.deepreef.org), Australia | A high-resolution depth model for the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea Beaman, R.J., 2010. Project 3D-GBR: A high-resolution depth model for the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. Marine and Tropical Sciences Research Facility (MTSRF) Project 2.5i.1a Final Report, MTSRF, Cairns, Australia, pp. 13 plus Appendix 1. https://www.deepreef.org/bathymetry/65-3dgbr-bathy.html |
| Directorate of Navigation and Hydrography Brazil | Bathymetric models March 2021 Brazilian Digital Terrain Model developed based on all available bathymetric data within the Brazilian Continental Margin. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00367-019-00606-x Alberoni, A. A. L., Jeck, I. K., Silva, C. G., & Torres, L. C. (2020). The new Digital Terrain Model (DTM) of the Brazilian Continental Margin: detailed morphology and revised undersea feature names. Geo-Marine Letters, 40(6), 949-964 Bathymetric grid based on multibeam data. Data contributed by the Brazilian Navy in support of naming seafloor features (SCUFN 32), in the South Atlantic Ocean. |
| Durham University, Department of Geography, UK | Bathymetric grid off Angola Bathymetric grid based on multibeam survey data collected during RRS James Cook cruise JC209 in waters off Angola in the Atlantic Ocean Bathymetric grid for the Panama Basin area. Compiled from bathymetry data from cruises: JC112, JC113, JC114 and SO238. Supplied by the National Oceanography Centre (NOC) UK |
| EMODnet | The EMODnet Digital Bathymetry (DTM) 2020 EMODnet Bathymetry Consortium (2020): EMODnet Digital Bathymetry (DTM). https://doi.org/10.12770/bb6a87dd-e579-4036-abe1-e649cea9881a |
| GEBCO / Nippon Foundation Indian Ocean Bathymetric Compilation Project, University of New Hampshire and its Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping/Joint Hydrographic Center (UNH/CCOM-JHC), USA | Indian Ocean Bathymetric Compilation http://ccom.unh.edu/indian-ocean-bathymetric-compilation-project |
| Geersen, J., et al. | Gridded multibeam data Geersen, J., Klaucke, I., Behrmann, J. H., Kopp, H., Tréhu, A. M., Reichert, C. (2018): Multibeam bathymetry from SONNE cruises SO104 and SO244 and Marcus G. Langseth cruise MGL1610. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.893033 |
| Geological Survey of Israel | Bathymetric grids for the Black and Caspian Seas Hall, J K (2002). Bathymetric compilations of the seas around Israel I: The Caspian and Black Seas. Geological Survey of Israel, Current Research, Vol. 13, December 2002. |
| Geological Survey of Spain | Multidisciplinary Scientific Cruise to the Northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge and Azores Archipelago Somoza, L et al. (2020). https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.568035 |
| GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany | Red Sea region: Gridded multibeam bathymetry from Poseidon cruise 408 and Pelagia cruises 64PE350 and 64PE351 within the Jeddah Transect Project.:
Augustin, Nico; Feldens, Peter; Kwasnitschka, Tom; Schmidt, Mark; Al Farawati, Radwan; Basaham, Ali S (2016): High resolution bathymetry of the Red Sea Rift (1 arc-second) from POSEIDON cruise POS408 and PELAGIA cruises 64PE350 and 64PE351. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.860374 Multibeam bathymetry data from cruises MSM88 and M160 Geersen, Jacob (2019): Collated bathymetric data from convergent margins that experienced tsunami earthquakes. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.899049 Multibeam data in the Atlantic Ocean region from AtlantOS cruises Augustin, Nico; Feldens, Peter; Kwasnitschka, Tom; Schmidt, Mark; Al Farawati, Radwan; Basaham, Ali S (2016): High resolution bathymetry of the Red Sea Rift (1 arc-second) from POSEIDON cruise POS408 and PELAGIA cruises 64PE350 and 64PE351. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.860374 |
| Geoscience Australia | Australian Bathymetry and Topography Grid, June 2009
ANZLIC unique identifier: ANZCW0703013116, Geoscience Australia. Whiteway, T, (2009). Australian Bathymetry and Topography Grid, June 2009. Scale 1:5000000. Geoscience Australia, Canberra. http://dx.doi.org/10.4225/25/53D99B6581B9A. 50m Multibeam Dataset of Australia 2018 Parums, R., Spinoccia, M. 2019. 50m Multibeam Dataset of Australia 2018. Geoscience Australia, Canberra. MBES datasets collected in 1989-2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.26186/5c63832e3ed8e Perth Canyon Marine Park Bathymetry - 40m Resolution Grid 40m Resolution Grid. Geoscience Australia, Canberra, http://dx.doi.org/10.4225/25/5b31704371761 Multibeam data Grid of multibeam data sourced from Geoscience Australia and held in the AusSeabed Bathymetry Holdings for 2019 2018. Gifford Marine Park Bathymetry - 30m Resolution Grid. http://dx.doi.org/10.4225/25/5b3174bf2de9b 2020. Elizabeth and Middleton Reef multibeam sonar backscatter survey (GA4848). http://pid.geoscience.gov.au/dataset/ga/144416" Spinoccia, M. 2011. Bathymetry grids of Jervis Bay. http://dx.doi.org/10.4225/25/53D9AE4878E3D Spinoccia, M. 2013. TOPAS Sea Trials Survey (GA-2361) - Bathymetry grids. http://pid.geoscience.gov.au/dataset/ga/75662 Beaman, R., Duncan, P., Smith, D., Rais, K., Siwabessy, P.J.W., Spinoccia, M. 2020. Visioning the Coral Sea Marine Park bathymetry survey (FK200429/GA4861). http://pid.geoscience.gov.au/dataset/ga/140048 Geophysical Acquisition & Processing Section 2020. GSWA Carnarvon Basin North Elevation Grid Geodetic. http://pid.geoscience.gov.au/dataset/ga/140385 Northern Depths of the Great Barrier Reef bathymetry survey (FK200930/GA4866). http://pid.geoscience.gov.au/dataset/ga/144545 Kenn and Chesterfield Plateaux bathymetry survey (FK210206/GA4869). http://pid.geoscience.gov.au/dataset/ga/145381 Raine Island bathymetry survey (FK210321/GA4873). http://pid.geoscience.gov.au/dataset/ga/145492 Tasman and Coral Seas bathymetry survey (FK201228/GA4868). http://pid.geoscience.gov.au/dataset/ga/145279 MH370 - Phase One Data Release http://marine.projects.ga.gov.au/mh370-phase-one-data-release.html High-resolution depth model for the Great Barrier Reef - 30 m Beaman, R.J. 2017. High-resolution depth model for the Great Barrier Reef - 30 m. Geoscience Australia, Canberra http://dx.doi.org/10.4225/25/5a207b36022d2 |
| Global Multi-resolution Topography Data Synthesis (GMRT), USA | GMRT versions 4.0, 3.9 and 3.8 A multi-resolutional compilation of multibeam sonar data collected by scientists and institutions worldwide, that is edited, processed and gridded by the GMRT Team. This global multibeam compilation is merged into a continuously updated compilation of global elevation data. The GMRT multibeam compilation was provided to GEBCO at 15 arc sec resolution. The full list of contributing cruises, vessels and Chief Scientists is available at https://www.gmrt.org/contributors/cruises.php. https://www.gmrt.org/ |
| Global Sea Mineral Resources NV (GSR), DEME Group, Belgium | Bathymetric grid, based on multibeam data Supplied to GEBCO for a region of the North Pacific, 1800 km southwest of the Mexican Baja Peninsula. |
| Goodliffe, A. | Woodlark Basin multibeam bathymetry grid – 200m Goodliffe, A. (2011). Woodlark Basin multibeam bathymetry grid. Interdisciplinary Earth Data Alliance (IEDA). doi:10.1594/IEDA/100015 |
| Henstock, T.J. et al | Gridded bathymetric data set based on multibeam data from HMS Scott cruise HI1123 Seafloor morphology of the Sumatran subduction zone: Surface rupture during megathrust earthquakes? Geology, v34, pp485-488, 2006 |
| Hydrographic Service for the Navy, Ministry of the Defence of Argentina | Bathymetry data in the South Atlantic region Data collected aboard R/V Bio Hesperides, 2008 Bathymetric grids based on data acquired during the cruise campaigns: ARG-MD_2007 (2007), HES-2008-COOPERACION (2008), HE-2016 (2016) and the recovery of the A.R.A SAN JUAN submarine (2017) |
| Hydrographic Service of the Royal Netherlands Navy | Hydrographic Service of the Royal Netherlands Navy Areas of responsibility are the waters of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the Caribbean, Islands: Aruba, Curaçao, Bonaire, Sint Maarten, Saba, Sint Eustatius. Sea. https://inspire.caris.nl/geoserver3/web/wicket/bookmarkable/org.geoserver.web.demo.MapPreviewPage?0 |
| IceBridge BedMachine Greenland | IceBridge BedMachine Greenland, Version 3 Greenland under-ice topography/bathymetry gridded compilation. Gridded resolution is 150 × 150 m on a Polar Stereographic projection https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL074954 http://nsidc.org/data/IDBMG4 Morlighem, M., et al. (2017), BedMachine v3: Complete Bed Topography and Ocean Bathymetry Mapping of Greenland From Multibeam Echo Sounding Combined With Mass Conservation, Geophysical Research Letters, 44(21), 11,051-011,061, doi:10.1002/2017GL074954 |
| Institut de physique du globe de Paris, France | Bathymetry grid of Pourquoi Pas? Cruise ILAB-SPARC, Chain Fracture Zone. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.922975 Bathymetry data for the Gulf of Aqaba Ribot, Matthieu, Klinger, Yann, Jónsson, Sigurjón, Avsar, Ulas, Pons-Branchu, Edwige, Matrau, Rémi, & Mallon, Francis L. (2021). Bathymetric data from the Gulf of Aqaba [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4607639 |
| Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR) - CNR, Italy | Bathymetric grid for the Vema Transverse Ridge area P., Fabretti & Bonatti, Enrico & Peyve, A. & Brunelli, Daniele & Cipriani, Anna & Dobrolubova, X. & Efimov, V. & Erofeev, S. & Gasperini, Luca & Hanley, J.A. & Ligi, Marco & Perfiliev, A. & Rastorguyev, V. & Raznitsin, Yuri & Savel'eva, Savelyeva, Savelieva, Galina & Semjenov, V. & Sokolov, Sergey & Skolotnev, S. & Susini, Sara & Vikentev, I.. (1998). First results of cruise S19 (PRIMAR Project): petrological and structural investigations of the Vema Transverse Ridge (equatorial Atlantic). Giornale di Geologia. 60. 3-16. Bathymetric grid for the The Bouvet Tr1p1e Junction Region (south Atlantic) The Bouvet Tr1p1e Junction Region (south Atlantic): a report on two geological expeditions, ISMAR report, 2010; Carrara, G. (1); Bortoluzzi, G. (1); Zitellini, N. (1); Bonatti, E. (1); Brunelli, D. (2); Cipriani, A. (2); Fabretti, P. (1); Gasperini, L. (1); Ligi M. (1); Penitenti D. (1); Sciuto, P.F. (3); Mazarovich, A. (4); Peyve, A. (4); Turko T. (4); Skolotnev S. (4); Gilod D. (5); (1) IGM-ISMAR-CNR, Bologna, Italy; (2) Universita’ Padova, Italy; (3) Universita’ Genova, Italy; (4) GIN, Academy of Sciences, Russia; (5) Dep. Geophysics, Lomonosov University, Moscow, Russia |
| Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS), Infrastructures Division, Italy; Barcelona University (UB), Department of Earth and Ocean Dynamics, Spain; University of Bremen, MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, Germany; University of Tromsø (UiT), Norway; The Arctic University of Norway, CAGE, Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate; Italian Navy, Italian Hydrographic Institute | Bathymetric grid based on the following data sets:
Multibeam bathymetry from EGLACOM cruise with RV OGS-Explora in 2008 to the western Barents Sea margin Multibeam bathymetry from SVAIS cruise with RV Hesperides 2007 to the western Barents Sea margin Multibeam bathymetry from DEGLABAR cruise with RV OGS-Explora in 2015 to the western Barents Sea margin Multibeam bathymetry from EDIPO cruise with RV OGS-Explora in 2015 to the western Barents Sea margin Multibeam bathymetry by MARUM from MSM30 (CORIBAR) cruise with RV M.S. Merian in 2013 to the western Barents Sea margin Multibeam bathymetry by University of Tromsø from Glacibar cruise with RV Jan Mayen in 2009 to the western Barents Sea margin Multibeam bathymetry by Italian Hydrographic Institute from High North 17 and 18 cruise with RV Alliance in 2017 and 2018 to the western Barents Sea margin |
| International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO) | IBCAO bathymetric grid
IBCAO v4.2 bathymetric grid, 180°W-180°E; 64°N-90°N doi:10.5285/a01d292f-b4a0-1ef7-e053-6c86abc0a4b2 |
| International Bathymetric Chart of the Southern Ocean (IBCSO) | IBCSO bathymetric grid, 180°W-180°E; 60S-90°S:
TDorschel, Boris; Hehemann, Laura; Viquerat, Sacha; Warnke, Fynn; Dreutter, Simon; Schulze Tenberge, Yvonne; Accettella, Daniela; An, Lu; Barrios, Felipe; Bazhenova, Evgenia A; Black, Jenny; Bohoyo, Fernando; Davey, Craig; de Santis, Laura; Escutia Dotti, Carlota; Fremand, Alice C; Fretwell, Peter T; Gales, Jenny A; Gao, Jinyao; Gasperini, Luca; Greenbaum, Jamin S; Henderson Jencks, Jennifer; Hogan, Kelly A; Hong, Jong Kuk; Jakobsson, Martin; Jensen, Laura; Kool, Johnathan; Larin, Sergei; Larter, Robert D; Leitchenkov, German L; Loubrieu, Benoît; Mackay, Kevin; Mayer, Larry; Millan, Romain; Morlighem, Mathieu; Navidad, Francisco; Nitsche, Frank-Oliver; Nogi, Yoshifumi; Pertuisot, Cécile; Post, Alexandra L; Pritchard, Hamish D; Purser, Autun; Rebesco, Michele; Rignot, Eric; Roberts, Jason L; Rovere, Marzia; Ryzhov, Ivan; Sauli, Chiara; Schmitt, Thierry; Silvano, Alessandro; Smith, Jodie E; Snaith, Helen; Tate, Alex J; Tinto, Kirsty; Vandenbossche, Philippe; Weatherall, Pauline; Wintersteller, Paul; Yang, Chunguo; Zhang, Tao; Arndt, Jan Erik (2022): The International Bathymetric Chart of the Southern Ocean Version 2 (IBCSO v2). PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.937574 |
| Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) | NarrowBeamMBES_2011 90-m grid Yukari Kido, Toshiya Fujiwara, Tomoyuki Sasaki, Masataka Kinoshita, Shuichi Kodaira, Mamoru Sano, Yuji Ichiyama, Yasunori Hanafusa, Seiji Tsuboi, Bathymetric feature around Japan Trench obtained by JAMSTEC multi narrow beam survey, Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2011, MIS036-P58 Japan Coast Guard 150m grid, Tohoku Compilation of the Japan Trench bathymetry data collected by Japan Coast Guard and JAMSTEC, Newsletter of Seismological Society of Japan, Vol. 23 No. 2 July 10, 2011, p35-36 JODC 250-m grid Kishimoto, K. (2000), Combined bathymetric and topographic mesh data: Japan250m.grd, Geol. Surv. Jpn. Open File Rep. 353, Natl. Inst. of Adv. Ind. Sci. and Technol., Tsukuba, Japan |
| Japan Coast Guard, Hydrographic and Oceanographic Department (JHOD); Japan Oceanographic Data Center (JODC) of the Japan Coast Guard | Japan Coast Guard Grid for the North Western Pacific Ocean
Provided at 30 arc-second intervals, the grid for this area was originally developed from the following source data: Multibeam data from the Japan Coast Guard, A pre-prepared 500m interval grid based on measured sounding data: J-EGG500 grid JODC-Expert Grid data for Geographic -500m https://jdoss1.jodc.go.jp/vpage/depth500_file.html |
| Laboratoire d’Etudes en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiales (LEGOS), France | Comprehensive bathymetry and intertidal topography of the Amazon estuary
Fassoni-Andrade, Alice; Durand, Fabien; Moreira, Daniel; Azevedo, Alberto; Santos, Valdenira; Funi, Claudia; Laraque, Alain (2021), “Comprehensive bathymetry and intertidal topography of the Amazon estuary”, Mendeley Data, V2, doi: 10.17632/3g6b5ynrdb.2 |
| Land Information New Zealand (LINZ) | Multibeam data used to compile New Zealand navigation charts Water around New Zealand. 80 gridded datasets (from various source data types) collected during hydrographic surveys (Tonga, Niue, Samoa) |
| Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS), Hosted at Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, USA | Eilon, Z., (2020). High-resolution gridded multibeam bathymetry data (netCDF grid format) of Pacific seafloor in the region of the old ORCA OBS array (31S,158W to 38S,152W). IEDA. doi:10.1594/IEDA/327342 |
| MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Germany | Bathymetric grids Bathymetric grids based on data recorded during RV MARIA S. MERIAN cruises MSM20-2 and MSM24 in 2012 & 2013 around Tristan da Cunha. Wintersteller, Paul; Kammann, Janina; Strack, Anne; Geissler, Wolfram H (2019): Composite Grid (DTM) and Backscatter Mosaics of EM120 and EM122 Multibeam Echosounder (MBES) Bathymetry of Cruises MSM20-2 and MSM24 around Tristan da Cunha. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.898303 Geersen, Jacob (2019): Collated bathymetric data from convergent margins that experienced tsunami earthquakes. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.899049, Supplement to: Geersen, J (2019): Sediment-starved trenches and rough subducting plates are conducive to tsunami earthquakes. Tectonophysics, 762, 28-44, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2019.04.024 Wintersteller, Paul (2018): Gridded bathymetry from multibeam echosounder EM122 data of METEOR cruise M146, Le Gouic Seamount. MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University Bremen, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.893939 |
| MEaSUREs BedMachine Antarctica, Version 2 | Ice-surface elevation and under-ice topography/bathymetry
Morlighem, M., E. Rignot, T. Binder, D. D. Blankenship, R. Drews, G. Eagles, O. Eisen, F. Ferraccioli, R. Forsberg, P. Fretwell, V. Goel, J. S. Greenbaum, H. Gudmundsson, J. Guo, V. Helm, C. Hofstede, I. Howat, A. Humbert, W. Jokat, N. B. Karlsson, W. Lee, K. Matsuoka, R. Millan, J. Mouginot, J. Paden, F. Pattyn, J. L. Roberts, S. Rosier, A. Ruppel, H. Seroussi, E. C. Smith, D. Steinhage, B. Sun, M. R. van den Broeke, T. van Ommen, M. van Wessem, and D. A. Young. 2020. Deep glacial troughs and stabilizing ridges unveiled beneath the margins of the Antarctic ice sheet, Nature Geoscience. 13. 132-137. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0510-8 |
| National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd (NIWA). Wellington, New Zealand | New Zealand Bathymetry compilation - 250 m
Mitchell, J S, K A Mackay, H L Neil, E J Mackay, A Pallentin and P Notman (2012). Undersea New Zealand, 1:5,000,000. NIWA Chart, Miscellaneous Series No. 92 https://niwa.co.nz/our-science/oceans/bathymetry/download-the-data |
| National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), USA | Bathymetric grids Bathymetry data in the form of grids based from NGA's data holdings.The supplied data set is at 6 arc-second intervals and is based on data from multiple cruises and data source types in all ocean regions. |
| National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), USA | Bathymetric grids Grid of the United States Southeastern shelf exported from NCEI autogrid application. https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/bathymetry/multibeam.html North American Great Lakes Bathymetry https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/greatlakes/greatlakes.html Bathymetry and acoustic backscatter collected in Long Island Sound for the Phase I Long Island Sound Seafloor Mapping Project 2014 (NCEI Accession 0167946) https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/metadata/landing-page/bin/iso?id=gov.noaa.nodc:167946 |
| National Ocean Service, NOAA, USA | Bathymetric grids 6 Bathymetric grids based on multibeam data in the North Pacific region National Ocean Service Hydrographic Data Base (NOSHDB) and Hydrographic Survey Meta Data Base (HSMDB) Hydrographic Survey Data – for regions in the Gulf of Mexico and off the Eastern coast of the USA. https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/bathymetry/hydro.html |
| National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience, Japan | Global digital elevation model for tsunami inundation calculation with one arc-second nesting grid. N. Chikasada (2020) https://doi.org/10.17598/NIED.0021 |
| New South Wales Office of Environment and Heritage NSWOEH, Australia | NSW Office of Environment and Heritage (OEH) Multi-beam Bathymetry Surveys 42, 5m interval bathymetric grids based on multibeam data from bathymetry surveys carried out by the New South Wales Office of Environment and Heritage (Australia). https://catalogue-imos.aodn.org.au/geonetwork/srv/api/records/60160b01-8ffc-45ce-a6f4-ee70ce391ec6 |
| Norwegian Hydrographic Service (NHS) | Svalbard bathymetry grid based on multibeam bathymetry Released in 2016, this dataset includes modern multibeam data from surveys up until autumn 2015. Data is originally at 10x10 m, but down sampled to 100x100 m during the incorporation. https://www.kartverket.no/ |
| Norwegian Polar Institute (NPI) | Svalbard topography grid New topographical data of Svalbard with updated glacial fronts from satellite imaging. https://toposvalbard.npolar.no/ http://www.npolar.no/ |
| Nunaoil A/S, Greenland | Bathymetric grid |
| Ocean Networks Canada, Canada | Bathymetric grid Bathymetric grid based on multibeam data |
| Olex AS, Norway | Crowd source bathymetry data provided by Olex These data are primarily single beam soundings collected by fishing vessels using the Olex acquisition system. The data are provided gridded at a resolution of 400x400 m. www.olex.no |
| Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), USA | 65 gridded datasets, based on multibeam and satellite-derived bathymetry data collected around the Pacific Islands: Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) and Guam; Northwest Hawaiian Islands; Pacific Remote Island Area; American Samoa http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/cms/ |
| PANGAEA, Germany | Smith, Emma Clare; Kuhn, Gerhard; Gaedicke, Christoph; Drews, Reinhard; Ehlers, Todd A; Franke, Dieter; Hofstede, Coen Matthijs; Lambrecht, Astrid; Läufer, Andreas; Mayer, Christoph; Tiedemann, Ralf; Eisen, Olaf (2019): Sea floor bathymetry under Ekström Ice Shelf, Antarctica, from a compilation of seismic vibroseis data. PANGAEA,https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.907951 Raw multibeam EM122 data: transits of SONNE cruise SO252 (Pacific). Berndt, Christian; Klaucke, Ingo; Wölfl, Anne-Cathrin (2018). PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.896077 |
| Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS) | Bathymetric grids NOAA/NCEI 90-m Bathymetry: American Samoa http://www.pacioos.hawaii.edu/metadata/ngdc_bathy_90m_amsamoa.html NOAA/NCEI 10-m Bathymetry: Guam https://www.pacioos.hawaii.edu/metadata/ngdc_bathy_10m_guam.html NOAA/NCEI 10-m Bathymetry: American Samoa: Tutuila https://www.pacioos.hawaii.edu/metadata/ngdc_bathy_10m_tutuila.html NOAA/NCEI 10-m Bathymetry: USMOI: Wake Island https://www.pacioos.hawaii.edu/metadata/ngdc_bathy_10m_wake.html |
| Polar Geospatial Center (PGC), University of Minnesota, USA | The Reference Elevation Model of Antarctica (REMA). The Cryosphere 13, 665-674, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-665-2019 |
| Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia | Multibeam bathymetry data from the Kane Gap and south-eastern part of the Canary Basin (Eastern tropical Atlantic) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.106055 |
| School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, USA | Main Hawaiian Islands multibeam bathymetry http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/hmrg/multibeam/index.php |
| Scripps Institution of Oceanography, USA | SRTM15+ V2.4 Global Bathymetry and Topography at 15 Arcseconds This data set is a fusion of land topography with measured and estimated seafloor topography. This version of SRTM15+ is similar to version 2.1 [Tozer et al., 2019] with minor updates. Version 2.2 uses predicted depths based on the V29 gravity model [Sandwell et al., 2019] and approximately 400 small areas containing suspect data were visually identified and removed from the grid. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019EA000658. https://topex.ucsd.edu/WWW_html/srtm15_plus.html |
| GEBCO Sub-Committee on Undersea Feature Names (SCUFN) | Bathymetric data sets 32 bathymetric datasets submitted to SCUFN from China in support of undersea feature name proposals. |
| Service Hydrographique et Océanographique de la Marine (SHOM), France | Bathymetric data supplied in the form of grids Largely from multibeam and Lidar bathymetric surveys and transect cruises in areas of the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans, from the data holdings and cruises of SHOM. https://data.shom.fr/ Bathymetric DEM of the waters off Guyana, Atlantic Ocean https://diffusion.shom.fr/pro/risques/bathymetrie/mnt-facade-guyane-homonim.html Bathymetric DEM of Guadeloupe and Martinique https://diffusion.shom.fr/pro/risques/bathymetrie/mnt-facade-ants.html Bathymetric DEM of the facade of Saint-Martin and Saint-Barthélemy https://diffusion.shom.fr/pro/risques/bathymetrie/mnt-facade-antn.html |
| Shell Ocean Discovery XPRIZE | Data acquired as part of the Shell Ocean Discovery XPRIZE competition Data were contributed in an area in the Mediterranean Sea and near Puerto Rico. |
| South West Indian Ocean Bathymetry Compilation (SWIOBC) | The Southwest Indian Ocean Bathymetric Compilation (swIOBC) Dorschel, B, L Jensen, J E Arndt, G-J Brummer, H de Haas, A Fielies, D Franke, W Jokat, R Krocker, D Kroon, J Pätzold, R R. Schneider, V Spieß, H Stollhofen, G Uenzelmann‐Neben, M Watkeys and E Wiles (2018). The Southwest Indian Ocean Bathymetric Compilation (SwIOBC). Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 19, no. 3 (March 2018): 968–76. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GC007274 |
| Taylor, Brian (2006) | Multibeam bathymetry compilation of the Lau Back-Arc Basin – 100m Taylor, B. (2006). Multibeam bathymetry compilation of the Lau Back-Arc Basin. Interdisciplinary Earth Data Alliance (IEDA). http://dx.doi.org/10.1594/IEDA/100063 |
| The quest for the Africa–Eurasia plate boundary west of the Strait of Gibraltar | Bathymetric grid based on multibeam data North Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Cadiz region — SWIM project Reference: "Earthquake and Tsunami hazards of active faults at the South West Iberian Margin: deep structure, high-resolution imaging and paleoseismic signature". Data set citation — The quest for the Africa-Eurasia plate boundary west of the Strait of Gibraltar: Zitellini, N., Gràcia, E., Matias, L., Terrinha, P., Abreu, M.A., DeAlteriis, G., Henriet, J.P., Dañobeitia, J.J., Masson, D.G., Mulder, T., Ramella, R., Somoza, L. and Diez, S. (2009). Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 280, (1-4), 13-50. (doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2008.12.005) |
| University of Alaska Fairbanks and its College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, USA | Alaska Region Digital Elevation Model (ARDEM) Version 2.0 Danielson, S. L., E. L. Dobbins, M. Jakobsson, M. A. Johnson, T. J. Weingartner, W. J. Williams, and Y. Zarayskaya (2015), Sounding the northern seas, EOS 96, doi:10.1029/2015EO040975. |
| University of New Hampshire, Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping/Joint Hydrographic Center, USA | United States Law of the Sea Data Atlantic Grid, version 2019. https://ccom.unh.edu/theme/law-sea/law-of-the-sea-data/atlantic Mendocino Ridge, Pacific Ocean https://ccom.unh.edu/theme/law-sea/mendocino-ridge-pacific-ocean Bering Sea - Beringian Margin https://ccom.unh.edu/theme/law-sea/beringian-margin-bering-sea Gulf of Alaska Margin https://ccom.unh.edu/theme/law-sea/gulf-alaska-margin Bering Sea Bowers Ridge https://ccom.unh.edu/theme/law-sea/bowers-ridge-bering-sea Necker Ridge, Pacific Ocean https://ccom.unh.edu/theme/law-sea/necker-ridge-pacific-ocean |
| University of Wisconsin, USA | Gridded multibeam bathymetry data from the Central Indian Ridge
Drolia, R. and C. DeMets, (2019). Gridded multibeam bathymetry data from the Central Indian Ridge. IEDA. doi:10.1594/IEDA/324813 |
| United States Geological Survey (USGS) | One Meter Topobathymetric Digital Elevation Model for Majuro Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands
Palaseanu-Lovejoy, M., Poppenga, S.K., Danielson, J.J, Tyler, D.J., Gesch, D.B., Kottermair, M., Jalandoni, A., Carlson, E., Thatcher, C., and Barbee, M. (2017) One Meter Topobathymetric Digital Elevation Model for Majuro Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands, 1944 to 2016: U.S. Geological Survey data release, r, and Matthew M. Barbee https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185047 |
| United States Geological Survey (USGS); National Geospatial- Intelligence Agency (NGA), USA | Global Multi-resolution Terrain Elevation Data 2010 (GMTED2010)
https://www.usgs.gov/core-science-systems/eros/coastal-changes-and-impacts/gmted2010?qt-science_support_page_related_con=0# |
| Weinrebe et al. | Multibeam compilation of the Central America Pacific Margin
Weinrebe, W., et al. (2007). Multibeam bathymetry compilation of the Central America Pacific Margin. Interdisciplinary Earth Data Alliance (IEDA). doi:10.1594/IEDA/100069 |
| Weinrebe and Hasert | DTMs of the South East Pacific Ocean created from a compilation of multibeam bathymetric data acquired during 18 cruises in 1995-2012 Weinrebe, R.W., Hasert, M. (2012). Bathymetric Charts of the South East Pacific with links to gridded datasets. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.785515 |
| US-Extended Continental Shelf (ECS) cruises | Bathymetry data from the U.S. Extended Continental Shelf (ECS) Project https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/ecs/cruises.html |
| Source | Description and Reference (where available) |
|---|---|
| IHO DCDB | Bathymetric soundings, single beam and multibeam, extracted from the data maintained by the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) Data Center for Digital Bathymetry (DCDB) at the US National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI). https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/iho/ Crowdsourced Bathymetry data: https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/iho/" Indian Ocean region – data for the Persian Gulf area |
| Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI), Germany |
6 cruises of multibeam data in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean region. More than 90 cruises of Multibeam data in the Arctic region North of 60N 5 cruises of multibeam data in the South and West Pacific. 63 cruises of multibeam data in the Southern Ocean region (South of 50°S) https://www.awi.de/en/ |
| All-Russia Research Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources of the World Ocean (VNIIOkeangeologia) | 4 cruises of multibeam data in the Southern Ocean region (South of 50°S). Data originators: Polar Marine Geosurvey Expedition (PMGE). |
| Australian Antarctic Data Centre (AADC) | 2 cruises of multibeam data and 12 cruises of single beam data in the Southern Ocean region (South of 50S). |
| AusSeabed, Australia | Multibeam data from around Australia http://www.ausseabed.gov.au/ |
| Australia's Marine National Facility (MNF) | 12 cruises of multibeam data in the Southern Ocean region (South of 50°S). |
| British Antarctic Survey (BAS), UK | 97 cruises of multibeam data and 1 cruise of single beam data in the Southern Ocean region (South of 50°S). Multibeam bathymetry data from 23 cruises in the Arctic region North of 60N https://www.bas.ac.uk/ |
| Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR), Germany | multibeam data in the North Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean regions. |
| California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Seismological Laboratory, USA | 1 cruise of multibeam data in the Arctic Ocean region – cruise ID: NBP0304 |
| Canadian Hydrographic Service (CHS), Canada | Multibeam and single beam bathymetry from CCGS Louis St-Laurent: Single beam LSL2007: [Jackson, 2008] Jackson, H. R. (2008), Field report for 2007 the CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent seismic cruise to the Canada Basin, Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 5818, 143 pp. doi: 10.4095/297589 LSL2008: [Jackson and DesRoches, 2010] Jackson, H. R., and DesRoches, K. J. (2010), 2008 Louis S. St-Laurent Field Report, August 22 – October 3, 2008, Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 6275, 184 pp. doi:10.4095/285359. LSL2009: [Mosher et al., 2009] Mosher, D.C., Shimeld, J.D., and Hutchinson, D.R. (2009), 2009 Canada Basin seismic reflection and refraction survey, western Arctic Ocean: CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent expedition report, Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 6343, 266 pp. LSL2010: [Mosher et al., 2011] Mosher, D.C., Shimeld, J., and Champman, B.C., (2011), 2010 Canada Basin seismic reflection and refraction survey, western Arctic Ocean: CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent expedition report, Open File 6720, 240 pp. LSSL2011: [Mosher, 2012] Mosher, D. C. (2012), 2011 Canadian High Arctic Seismic Expedition: CCGS Louis S. StLaurent expedition report, Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 7053, 290 pp., doi: 10.4095/290241. Multibeam LSSL2014: [Travaglini, 2014] Travaglini, P. (2014), Final Field Report: Arctic Survey - UNCLOS 2014, CHSDIR Project Number 4013666, Dartmouth, Canadian Hydrographic Service, 82 pp. LSSL2015: Youngblut, S. (2015), Final Field Report: Amundsen Basin Survey: UNCLOS 2015, CHSDIR Project Number 4013733, Dartmouth: Canadian Hydrographic Service, 37 pp. LSSL2016: [Gårdfeldt and Lindgren, 2017] Gårdfeldt, K., and Å. Lindgren (2017), SWEDARCTIC Arctic Ocean 2016: Expedition ReportRep., 1-117 pp, Stockholm: Swedish Polar Research Secretariat. |
| Capricorn Greenland Exploration A/S | Single beam bathymetry from two surveys in 2008 and 2009 |
| Centro de investigaciones Oceanograficas e Hidrograficas (CIOH), Colombia | 1 cruise of multibeam data in the Southern Ocean region (South of 50°S) |
| Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France | Ifremer Géosciences Marines, Talbot, Sophie; Loubrieu, Benoît. Bathymetry - Lesser Antilles volcanic arc (synthesis, 2020) http://dx.doi.org/10.12770/915d04a1-220f-4784-934c-c269a515e5a9 |
| Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australia | Multibeam data in the South and West Pacific region http://www.marine.csiro.au/data/gsm |
| Directorate of Navigation and Hydrography, Brazil | 2 cruises of multibeam data in the Atlantic Ocean region |
| Five Deeps Expedition/Caladan Oceanic | Multibeam bathymetry data collected in the North and South West Pacific regions as part of the Five Deeps Expedition https://fivedeeps.com/ |
| Fugro | 16 Cruises of Multibeam data in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean region. |
| Geological Survey of Canada (GSC), Canadian Hydrographic Service (CHS) | Multibeam bathymetry from Swedish icebreaker Oden acquired during the Lomonosov Ridge off Greenland (LOMROG) Expeditions 2007-2012 and East Greenland Ridge Expeditions (EAGER) 2011: LOMROG, 2007, Central Arctic Ocean: Jakobsson, M., Marcussen, C., and LOMROG, S. P., 2008, Lomonosov Ridge Off Greenland 2007 (LOMROG) - Cruise Report: Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland. 122 pp. Jakobsson, M., et al. (2010), An Arctic Ocean ice shelf during MIS 6 constrained by new geophysical and geological data, Quaternary Science Reviews, 29(25–26), 3505-3517, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.03.015. LOMROG 2009, Central Arctic Ocean: Marcussen, C., and LOMROG II Scientific Party (2011), Lomonosov Ridge Off Greenland 2009 (LOMROG II) - Cruise ReportRep., 151 pp, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Ministry of Climate and Energy. LOMROG 2012, Central Arctic Ocean: Marcussen, C., F. Mørk, T. Funck, W. L. Weng, and M. Pedersen (2015), The continental shelf project of the kingdom of Denmark – Status and issues, in Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin, edited, pp. 41-44. Marcussen, C., and LOMROG III Scientific Party (2012), Lomonosov Ridge Off Greenland 2012 (LOMROG III) - Cruise ReportRep., 220 pp, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Ministry of Climate and Energy. EAGER 2011, East Greenland Ridge: Marcussen, C., and EAGER 2011 Scientific Party (2011), East Greenland Ridge 2011 (EAGER) - Cruise ReportRep., 1-86 pp, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Ministry of Climate and Energy, Copenhagen. |
| Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) | Single beam data acquired during seismic exploration surveys of the Greenland continental margin provided by GEUS: This contribution consists of >30 surveys carried out by various exploration companies for which the moratorium of the single beam bathymetry has expired. https://eng.geus.dk/ |
| Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Stockholm University and Swedish Polar Research Secretariat | Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Stockholm University and Swedish Polar Research Secretariat Multibeam bathymetry from Swedish icebreaker Oden acquired during the Lomonosov Ridge off Greenland (LOMROG) Expeditions 2007-2012 and East Greenland Ridge Expeditions (EAGER) 2011: LOMROG, 2007, Central Arctic Ocean: Jakobsson, M., Marcussen, C., and LOMROG, S. P., 2008, Lomonosov Ridge Off Greenland 2007 (LOMROG) - Cruise Report: Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland. 122 pp. Jakobsson, M., et al. (2010), An Arctic Ocean ice shelf during MIS 6 constrained by new geophysical and geological data, Quaternary Science Reviews, 29(25–26), 3505-3517, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.03.015. LOMROG 2009, Central Arctic Ocean: Marcussen, C., and LOMROG II Scientific Party (2011), Lomonosov Ridge Off Greenland 2009 (LOMROG II) - Cruise ReportRep., 151 pp, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Ministry of Climate and Energy. LOMROG 2012, Central Arctic Ocean: [Marcussen and LOMROG III Scientific Party, 2012; Marcussen et al., 2015] Marcussen, C., F. Mørk, T. Funck, W. L. Weng, and M. Pedersen (2015), The continental shelf project of the kingdom of Denmark – Status and issues, in Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin, edited, pp. 41-44. Marcussen, C., and LOMROG III Scientific Party (2012), Lomonosov Ridge Off Greenland 2012 (LOMROG III) - Cruise ReportRep., 220 pp, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Ministry of Climate and Energy. EAGER 2011, East Greenland Ridge: [Marcussen and EAGER 2011 Scientific Party, 2011] Marcussen, C., and EAGER 2011 Scientific Party (2011), East Greenland Ridge 2011 (EAGER) - Cruise ReportRep., 1-86 pp, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Ministry of Climate and Energy, Copenhagen. |
| Geological Survey of Sweden (SGU) | Hoburg’s shoal survey from 2016/2017: [Kågesten et al., 2019] Kågesten, G., Fiorentino, D., Baumgartner, F., and Zillén, L., 2019, How Do Continuous High-Resolution Models of Patchy Seabed Habitats Enhance Classification Schemes?: Geosciences, v. 9, no. 5, p. 237. doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9050237 https://www.sgu.se/samhallsplanering/hav-och-kust/stod-till-havsplanering-och- forvaltning/projekt-hoburgs-bank/ |
| Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Danish Geodata Agency | Multibeam bathymetry collected by Fugro for Demark’s extended continental shelf claim: No publication available |
| GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany |
Multibeam data from 15 cruises in the Arctic region north of 50N. https://www.geomar.de/en/centre/ |
| Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (GIN RAS) | Gridded bathymetry data from RV Akademik Nikolaj Strakhov Cruise 22 in the Atlantic Ocean Multibeam survey data from RV Akademik Nikolaj Strakhov Cruises 7 and 11-12 in the Atlantic ocean Multibeam data from four surveys with RV Akademik Nikolaj Strakhov of the Knipovich Ridge (Updated since IBCAO v3 with higher resolution): Zayonchek, A. V., et al. (2010), The Structure of Continent-Ocean transition zone at North- West Barents Sea Margin (results of 24–26th cruises of RV Akademik Nikolaj Strakhov, 2006-2009), in Contribution of Russia to International Polar Year, edited by M. Paulsen, pp. 111-157. Gridded multibeam bathymetric data from R/V Akademik Nikolaj Strakhov cruise 45 in the Atlantic Ocean, 2019. Transit from Vema Fracture Zone region to the Canary Islands. |
| Geoscience Australia | 2 cruises of multibeam data and 5 cruises of single beam data in the Southern Ocean region (South of 50°S). Tasman and Coral Seas bathymetry survey (FK201228/GA4868) – 64m grid 2021. http://pid.geoscience.gov.au/dataset/ga/145279 |
| Greenland Institute of Natural Resources (GINR) | Crowd source data and multibeam data provided through Greenland Institute of Natural Resources: These data include single beam soundings collected by GINR vessels Martek Aps, Kisaq, Greenland Police and Polar Seafood and multibeam bathymetry collected by Sanna in Nuup Kangerlua (Godthaabsfjord), Ameralik and Fyllas Bank of West Greenland in 2018. |
| L'Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), France | 3 cruises of multibeam data and 1 cruise of single beam data in the Southern Ocean region (South of 50°S). 14 data sets based on multibeam data in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean region 1 data set based on multibeam data in the South and West Pacific: Ruellan Etienne. Bassin Nord Fidjien (Sud Ouest Pacifique) - 1000m. Ifremer https://doi.org/10.12770/f651de98-9478-4d42-9dc9-c0ec7a43ae87 |
| Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), Israel | Sade, Ronnie & Hall, John & Tibor, Gideon & Niemi, Tina & Ben-Avraham, Zvi & Al-Zoubi, Abdallah & Hartman, Gal & Akawwi, Emad & Abueladas, Abdel-Rahman & Amit, Gideon. (2009). The Israel National Bathymetric Survey: Northern Gulf of 'Aqaba/Elat Poster. Israel Journal of Earth Sciences. 57. 139-144. 10.1560/IJES.57.2.139. |
| Instituto Geologico y Minero de Espana (IGME), Spain | 14 cruises of multibeam data in the Southern Ocean region (South of 50°S). 1 cruise of multibeam data in the Northern Mid-Atlantic - 10.3389/fmars.2020.568035 |
| Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS), Italy | 18 cruises of multibeam data in the Southern Ocean region (South of 50°S). |
| Italian Hydrographic Institute (IHI) | 1 cruise of single beam data in the Southern Ocean region (South of 50°S). |
| Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) | South and West Pacific Ocean region: Multibeam data
accessed through: Data and Sample Research System for Whole Cruise Information (DARWIN) Multibeam data in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions from the DARWIN database Southern Ocean region (South of 50°S): 26 cruises of multibeam data Multibeam bathymetry in the Arctic region North of 50N collected with Japanese RV Mirai: MR00_K06, MR02_K05, MR04_K05, MR99_K05 http://www.godac.jamstec.go.jp/darwin/e |
| Japan Oceanographic Data Center (JODC) | 4 cruise of multibeam data in the Southern Ocean region (South of 50°S) |
| Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI) |
Southern Ocean region (South of 50°S): 27 cruises of multibeam data Arctic Region, North of 50N: Multibeam data from Korean RV Araon expeditions: ARA02B and ARA03B: [Kang et al., 2012] Kang, S.-H., S.-i. Nam, J. H. Yim, K. H. Chung, and J. K. Hong (2012), Cruise Report: RV Araon ARA03BRep., 174 pp, Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI). ARA04C: No publication available https://eng.kopri.re.kr |
| Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Earth Institute,USA |
Southern Ocean region (South of 50°S): single beam data. 10.1594/IEDA/315608; 10.1594/IEDA/315614; 10.1594/IEDA/315630; 10.1594/IEDA/315639; 10.1594/IEDA/314970; 10.1594/IEDA/314974 Multibeam data in the North Pacific region for cruises: EW0205, MGL1704, MGL1705, EW0206, MGL1218, MGL1110 Multibeam bathymetry from R/V Marcus G. Langseth: MGL 1112, 2011, Chukchi Sea: [Coakley et al., 2011; Dove et al., 2014] Coakley, B., and Ilhan (2011), Abstract T33A-2365: Chukchi Edges Project – Geophysical constraints on the history of the Amerasia Basin, paper presented at American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting 2011, American Geophysical Union, San Francisco, 5-9 Dec. Dove, D., Polyak, L., and B. Coakley (2014), Widespread, multi-source glacial erosion on the Chukchi margin, Arctic Ocean, Quaternary Science Reviews, 92, 112–122, doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.07.016. MGL 1109, 2011, Gulf of Alaska: [Reece et al., 2013] Reece, R. S., Gulick, S. P. S., Christeson, G. L., Horton, B. K., van Avendonk, H., and Barth, G. (2013), The role of farfield tectonic stress in oceanic intraplate deformation, Gulf of Alaska, J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth, 118, 1862–1872, doi:10.1002/jgrb.50177. |
| Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University; Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS); Gardline Geosurvey Limited | Multibeam bathymetry data from cruises: EW9006 and EW9007 |
| Marine Geoscience Data System (MGDS), Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, USA | 5 cruises of multibeam data in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions. 31 cruises of multibeam data in the South and West Pacific Ocean. 8 cruises of multibeam data in the Southern Ocean. 247 cruises of single beam data in the Southern Ocean region. |
| Marine and Freshwater Research Institute, Iceland | Multibeam data in the Arctic Ocean region |
| Marum - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen (MARUM), Germany | Multibeam data from western Svalbard region (Vestnesa Ridge) with MARUM RV Heincke: [Mau et al., 2017] Mau, S., Römer, M., Torres, M., Bussmann, I., Pape, T., Damm, E. Geprägs, P., Wintersteller, P., Hsu, C.-W., Loher, M., and G. Bohrmann (2017), Widespread methane seepage along the continental margin off Svalbard - from Bjørnøya to Kongsfjorden. Scientific Reports 7, 42997, doi: 10.1038/srep42997 HE449: https://www.marum.de/en/Research/RV-HEINCKE-HE449-1-August-22-August-2015-Trondheim-Tromso.html HE450: https://www.marum.de/en/Research/RV-HEINCKE-HE450-25-August-8-September-2015-Tromso-Tromso.html https://www.marum.de/en/index.html Multibeam data from: MSM 05/3 2 cruises of multibeam data in the Southern Ocean region (M134) https://www.marum.de/Forschung/M134.html https://www.marum.de/Forschung/PS119.html |
| Moscow State University; Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (GIN RAS); University of Tromso, Norway | Multibeam bathymetry data from RV Akademik Nikolaj Strakhov cruise TTR18. |
| Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, Norway |
Single beam from RH SABVABAA (Hoovercraft) drifts in the central Arctic Ocean: Drifts in 2011 and in 2014/2015: [Kristoffersen and Hall, 2014] Kristoffersen, Y., and J. K. Hall (2014), Hovercraft as a Mobile Science Platform Over Sea Ice in the Arctic Ocean, Oceanography, 27(2), 170-179, doi:10.5670/oceanog.2014.33. |
| NASA-Ocean Melting Greenland project, Caltech’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the University of California Irvine, USA |
NASA-Ocean Melting Greenland project, Caltech’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the University of California Irvine Multibeam bathymetry acquired by the Ocean Melting Greenland Project (OMG) 2013- 2018 along the coast of Greenland from airborne marine gravity and ship-based observations: [An et al., 2019a; An et al., 2017; An et al., 2019b; An et al., 2018; Fenty et al., 2016; Millan et al., 2018; Eric Rignot et al., 2015; E. Rignot et al., 2016a; E. Rignot et al., 2016b; Wood et al., 2018] An, L., Rignot, E., Millan, R., Tinto, K., & Willis, J. (2019a). Bathymetry of Northwest Greenland using “Ocean Melting Greenland” (OMG) high‐resolution airborne gravity and other data. Remote Sensing, 11(2), 131. An, L., Rignot, E., Mouginot, J., & Millan, R. (2018). A century of stability of Avannarleq and Kujalleq Glaciers, West Greenland, explained using high‐resolution airborne gravity and other data. Geophysical Research Letters, 45, 3156–3163. doi: 10.1002/2018GL077204 An, L., Rignot, E., Chauche, N., Holland, D., Holland, D., Jakobsson, M. et al. (2019b). Bathymetry of southeast Greenland from oceans melting Greenland (OMG) data. Geophysical Research Letters, 46, 11,197–11,205. doi: 10.1029/2019GL083953 An, L., E. Rignot, S. Elieff, M. Morlighem, R. Millan, J. Mouginot, D. M. Holland, D. Holland, and J. Paden (2017), Bed elevation of Jakobshavn Isbræ, West Greenland, from high- resolution airborne gravity and other data, Geophysical Research Letters, 44, doi:10.1002/2017GL073245. Fenty, I., et al. (2016), Oceans Melting Greenland: Early Results from NASA’s Ocean-Ice Mission in Greenland, Oceanography, 29(4), 71-83, doi:10.5670/oceanog.2016.100. Millan, R., Rignot, E., Mouginot, J., Wood, M., Bjørk, A. A., & Morlighem, M. (2018). Vulnerability of southeast Greenland glaciers to warm Atlantic water from operation IceBridge and ocean melting Greenland data. Geophysical Research Letters, 45, 2688– 2696. doi: 10.1002/2017GL076561. Rignot, E., Xu, Y., Menemenlis, D., Mouginot, J., Scheuchl, B., Li, X., et al. (2016a). Modeling of ocean‐induced ice melt rates of five west Greenland glaciers over the past two decades. Geophysical Research Letters, 43, 6374–6382. doi: 10.1002/2016GL068784. Rignot, E., I. Fenty, Y. Xu, C. Cai, I. Velicogna, C. Ó. Cofaigh, J. A. Dowdeswell, W. Weinrebe, G. Catania, and D. Duncan (2016b), Bathymetry data reveal glaciers vulnerable to ice-ocean interaction in Uummannaq and Vaigat glacial fjords, west Greenland, Geophysical Research Letters, 43(6), 2667-2674, doi:10.1002/2016GL067832. Rignot, E., I. Fenty, Y. Xu, C. Cai, and C. Kemp (2015), Undercutting of marine-terminating glaciers in West Greenland, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, doi:10.1002/2015GL064236. Wood, M., Rignot, E., Fenty, I., Menemenlis, D., Millan, R., Morlighem, M., et al. (2018). Ocean‐induced melt triggers glacier retreat in Northwest Greenland. Geophysical Research Letters, 45, 8334–8342. doi: 10.1029/2018GL078024 https://omg.jpl.nasa.gov/portal/ |
| National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), USA |
394 cruises of singlebeam data in the Southern Ocean region. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/maps/geophysics/ |
| National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), USA |
27 cruises of single beam data and one file of isolated soundings for the Southern Ocean region (South of 50°S).
Single beam data from Melville Bay, Greenland, contributed by NGA: No metadata included on contribution |
| National Institute of Polar Research (Japan) (NiPR) | 4 cruises of multibeam data for the Southern Ocean region (South of 50°S). |
| National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), New Zealand | 5 cruises of multibeam data for the Southern Ocean region (South of 50°S). multibeam data from around New Zealand waters. Single beam data |
| Northeast Pacific Seamount Expedition project, USA | Multibeam data from the EV “Nautilus” cruise NA097 |
| The Norwegian Petroleum Directorate (NPD) | Multibeam bathymetry collected on behalf of the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate: The multibeam mapping was carried out by Gardline Ltd. 3 cruises of single beam data |
| Ocean Exploration Trust (OET), USA | Gridded multibeam data from 8 cruises of the EV “Nautilus” (2019) in the South and West Pacific region https://nautiluslive.org/expedition/2019 Multibeam data for 50 cruises in the North Pacific region https://nautiluslive.org/expedition-map |
| Polar Marine Geosurvey Expedition (PMGE), Russia | 1 cruise of multibeam and 28 cruises of single beam data for the Southern Ocean region (South of 50°S). |
| Rolling Deck to Repository (R2R), USA | Multibeam data from 134 cruises in the North Pacific region Multibeam data from 23 cruises in the Arctic Ocean region https://www.rvdata.us/ |
| Royal Danish Navy | Multibeam data in the Arctic Ocean region |
| Schmidt Ocean Institute (SOI), USA | Multibeam data from 23 cruises in the North Pacific region: FK170602, FK170612, FK170825, FK180722, FK180731, FK180824, FK181005, FK181031,FK181210, FK190106, FK190211,FK190315,FK190612, FK190709, FK190726, FK190831, FK191005, FK140307, FK140418, FK140502, FK140613, FK140625, FK151005 https://schmidtocean.org/ |
| Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), USA | 49 cruises of multibeam data in the North Pacific region |
| Sea-Kit International, UK | Bathymetry data collected in the Atlantic Ocean, by the USV Maxliner, in 2020 as a part of the Two Oceans Two Technologies project. |
| Servicio Hidrografico y Oceanograficos de la Armada de Chile (SHOA). Chile | 1 cruise of single beam data for the Southern Ocean region (South of 50°S). |
| South African Navy Hydrographic Office (SANHO), South Africa | Single beam data for the Southern Ocean region (South of 50°S). |
| Stanford University, USA | Multibeam bathymetry data from USCGC Healy cruises HLY 1101 HLY 1401 in the Arctic Ocean area north of 60N. |
| Statoil | One cruise of single beam bathymetry data in the Arctic Ocean area north of 60N. |
| State Oceanic Administration (SOA), China | 5 cruises of single beam data for the Southern Ocean region (South of 50°S). |
| Stockholm University, Sweden | 3 cruises of multibeam data for the Southern Ocean region (South of 50°S). |
| Swedish Polar Research Secretariat and Stockholm University | Swedish Polar Research Secretariat and Stockholm University Multibeam and single beam data from expeditions with Swedish icebreaker Oden: The LOMROG and EAGER expeditions are listed separately above. Single beam Arctic Ocean 1991, 1996, 2001: [Anderson et al., 1994; Björk et al., 2002; Jakobsson, 1999] Anderson, L. G., G. Björk, O. Holby, E. P. Jones, G. Kattner, K. P. Koltermann, B. Liljeblad, R. Lindegren, B. Rudels, and J. Swift (1994), Water masses and circulation in the Eurasian Basin: Results from Oden 91 Expedition, Journal of Geophysical Research, 99(C2), 3273- 3283. Björk, G., J. Söderkvist, P. Winsor, A. Nikolopoulos, and M. Steele (2002), Return of the cold halocline layer to the Amundsen Basin of the Arctic Ocean: Implications for the sea ice mass balance, Geophysical Research Letters, 29(11), 8-1-8-4, doi:10.1029/2001gl014157. Jakobsson, M. (1999), First high-resolution chirp sonar profiles from the central Arctic Ocean reveal erosion of Lomonsov Ridge sediments, Marine Geology, 158, 111-123. Multibeam AGAVE 2007: [Sohn et al., 2008] Sohn, R. A., et al. (2008), Explosive volcanism on the ultraslow-spreading Gakkel Ridge, Arctic Ocean, Nature, 453(26 June), 1236-1238, doi:10.1038/nature07075. NEGC 2008: Operated by Statoil A/S, no publication available SAT 2008, 2009: [Freire et al., 2014] Freire, F., R. Gyllencreutz, R. Jafri, and M. Jakobsson (2014), Acoustic evidence of a submarine slide in the deepest part of the Arctic, the Molloy Hole, Geo-Marine Letters(34), 315-325, doi:10.1007/s00367-014-0371-5. SWERUS-C3 2014 Expedition: [Jakobsson et al., 2016; The SWERUS Scientific Party, 2016a; b] The SWERUS Scientific Party (2016), Cruise Report for SWERUS-C3 Leg 1Rep., 200 pp, Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm. The SWERUS Scientific Party (2016), Cruise Report for SWERUS-C3 Leg 2Rep., 190 pp, Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm. Jakobsson, M., et al. (2016), Evidence for an ice shelf covering the central Arctic Ocean during the penultimate glaciation, Nature Communication, 7, 1-10, doi:10.1038/ncomms10365. Petermann 2015 Expedition: [Jakobsson et al., 2018; Mix et al., 2015] Jakobsson, M., et al. (2018), The Holocene retreat dynamics and stability of Petermann Glacier in northwest Greenland, Nature Communications, 9(1), 2104, doi:10.1038/s41467- 018-04573-2. Mix, A. C., M. Jakobsson, and Petermann-2015 Scientific Party (2015), Petermann-2015 Expedition Launches International Collaboration in Arctic Science, Witness the Arctic. Arctic Ocean 2016 Expedition: [Gårdfeldt and Lindgren, 2017] Gårdfeldt, K., and Å. Lindgren (2017), SWEDARCTIC Arctic Ocean 2016: Expedition ReportRep., 1-117 pp, Stockholm: Swedish Polar Research Secretariat. Ryder 2019 Expedition: [Jakobsson et al., submitted] Jakobsson, M., et al. (submitted), Seafloor and Atlantic water influence on Ryder Glacier, Northwestern Greenland, Science Advances. Oden Mapping data: https://oden.geo.su.se/ |
| Stockholm University, University of New Hampshire and Ola Skinnarmo | Multibeam bathymetry acquired in Melville Bay, west Greenland, during the VEGA- Greenland Expedition 2013, with SY Explorer of Sweden: [Freire et al., 2015] Freire, F., R. Gyllencreutz, S. L. Greenwood, L. Mayer, A. Egilsson, T. Thorsteinsson, and M. Jakobsson (2015), High resolution mapping of offshore and onshore glaciogenic features in metamorphic bedrock terrain, Melville Bay, northwestern Greenland, Geomorphology, 250, 29-40, doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.08.011. |
| TelePost Greenland A/S | Greenland Connect Nord multibeam bathymetry from south-west Greenland:
No publication available Multibeam survey for offshore and inshore telecommunication cable from Nuuk to Aasiaat. Released to Greenland Institute of Natural Resources for the purpose of preparation for publication in IBCAO/GEBCO. |
| Ukraine Antarctic Expedition (UAE) | 13 cruises of single beam data for the Southern Ocean region (South of 50S). |
| University of New Hampshire, Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping/Joint Hydrographic Center, USA | Multibeam bathymetry from U.S. Law of the Sea cruise to map the foot of the slope and 2500-m isobath of the US Arctic Ocean margin carried Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping/Joint Hydrographic Center, University of New Hampshire: https://ccom.unh.edu/theme/law-sea/arctic-ocean HLY1603, HLY1202, HLY1102, HLY0905, HLY0805, HLY0703, HLY0302, HLY0405, HLY0503. Bathymetry are in addition provided from the following expeditions with USCGC Healy and RV Kilo Moana through the Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping/Joint Hydrographic Center, or retrieved from the IHO-DCDB: HLY0201, HLY0203, HLY0204, HLY0304, HLY0303, HLY0402, HLY0403, HLY0404, HLY0501, HLY0502, HLY0602, HLY0804, HLY0806, HLY0904, HLY1002, KM0514-1/2 Multibeam bathymetry data from cruise: KM1718 Multibeam data collected aboard Kilo Moana from 15-Nov-17 to 21-Dec-17, Honolulu, HI to Honolulu, HI. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information |
| University of Tasmania (UTAS), Australia | 1 cruise of single beam data and 1 file of isolated sounding data for the Southern Ocean region (South of 50S). Data from profiling floats for the Southern Ocean region (South of 50S). Seasonality of Warm Water Intrusions Onto the Continental Shelf Near the Totten Glacier Alessandro Silvano,Stephen R. Rintoul,Kazuya Kusahara,Beatriz Peña-Molino,Esmee van Wijk,David E. Gwyther,Guy D. Williams https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC014634 |
| United Kingdom Offshore Operators Association (UKOOA); UK Oil and Gas Industry Association Limited (OGUK) | Single beam data in the Arctic Ocean region |
| United States Geological Survey (USGS) | 1 cruise of single beam data for the Southern Ocean region (South of 50°S). 12 cruises of multibeam data in the North Pacific Ocean region: HLY17TC, HLY17TD, HLY17TD, HLY18TC, HLY18TD, HLY1104, HLY11TE, HLY13TC, HLY1403, HLY14TB, HLY14TD, HLY15TB Single beam data in the Arctic region North of 60N. |
| University of Cambridge Department of Earth Sciences, UK | 2 cruises of multibeam data in the Arctic Ocean region: JR51, JR211 |
| The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS) | Multibeam bathymetry from Svalbard, from seven cruises with RV Helmer Hanssen: JM09H JM10: [Noormets et al., 2010] Noormets, R., Dowdeswell, J.A., Jakobsson, M. and Ó Cofaigh, C., 2010. New evidence on past ice flow and iceberg activity on the southern Yermak Plateau. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting, 13-17 December 2010, San Francisco, USA. HH11: [Fransner et al., 2018a] Fransner, O., Noormets, R., Chauhan, T., O’Regan, M.A. & Jakobsson, M., 2018. Late Weichselian ice stream configuration and dynamics in Albertini Trough, northern Svalbard margin. Arktos 4:1, 1-22. HH12: [Fransner et al., 2017] Fransner, O., Noormets, R., Flink, A.E. Hogan, K.A., Ó Regan, M.A. & Jakobsson, M., 2017. Glacial landforms and their implications for glacier dynamics in Rijpfjorden and Duvefjorden, northern Nordaustlandet, Svalbard. Journal of Quaternary Science 32, 437-455. Flink, A.E., Noormets, R., Fransner, O., Hogan, K.A., ÓRegan, M. and Jakobsson, M., 2017. Past ice flow in Wahlenbergfjorden and its implications for late Quaternary ice sheet dynamics in northeastern Svalbard. Quaternary Science Reviews 163, 162-179. HH13-NAL: [Fransner et al., 2018b] Fransner, O., R. Noormets, A. E. Flink, K. A. Hogan, and J. A. Dowdeswell (2018), Sedimentary processes on the continental slope off Kvitøya and Albertini troughs north of Nordaustlandet, Svalbard – The importance of structural-geological setting in trough-mouth fan development, Marine Geology, 402, 194-208, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2017.10.008. HH13-SF: [Lockwood, 2016] Lockwood, C. Reconstruction of ice stream retreat and palaeoceanographic development during the deglaciation and Holocene in the Storfjorden Trough, Svalbard. MSc Thesis in Marine geology and geophysics, University of Tromsø, 2016. HH14 No publication available https://www.unis.no/ |
| University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science (UMCES), USA | Multibeam bathymetry data from USCGC Healy cruises: HY1201 and HY1301 https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/ships/healy/HLY1201_mb.html https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/ships/healy/HLY1301_mb.html |
| US Navy | Bathymetry from the Arctic region collected from US Navy nuclear submarines: Single beam USS Topeka, 2012 USS New Hampshire, 2011 USS Connecticut, 2011 Single beam released in batches with no connection to specific submarine 1992-2000; 1985-1992; 1958-1985, 2001-2005 Single beam from the SCICEX program 1993-1998, and swath bathymetry from 1999 SCICEX-93; USS Pargo SCICEX-95; USS Cavalla SCICEX-96; USS Pogy SCICEX-97; USS Archerfish SCICEX-98; USS Hawkbill SCICEX-99; USS Hawkbill (Swath bathymetry aquired with the SCAMP system, see main text) [Edwards and Coakley, 2003; Newton, 2000] Edwards, M. H., and B. J. Coakley (2003), SCICEX Investigations of the Arctic Ocean System, Chemie der Erde, 63(4), 281 - 328. Newton, G. B. (2000), The Science Ice Exercise Program: History, achievement, and future of SCICEX., Arctic Research of the United States, 14(fall/winter), 2-7 |
| Waikato Regional Council, New Zealand | Mixed single beam and multibeam soundings in the Waikato region off New Zealand. |
| Western Washington University, USA | Multibeam bathymetry data from RV Thomas G. Thompson cruise: TN250 https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/ships/thomas_g_thompson/TN250_mb.html |
| Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), USA | Multibeam data from RV Knorr provided through WHOI Data Library and Archives: KN166-14, 2002, North Atlantic: No publication found Multibeam data from USCGC Healy cruises: HY 1103, HY 1203, HY 1303 and HY 1402 |
| Source | Description and Reference (where available) |
|---|---|
| Member States of the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) | Bathymetric soundings extracted from Electronic Navigation Charts (ENCs) provided by IHO Member States. List of countries/organisations that have contributed ENC data directly to GEBCO: Australian Hydrographic Service (RAN); Australia Bundesamt fur Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie, Germany; Directorate of Hydrography and Navigation, Peru; East Asia Hydrographic Commission; Finnish Hydrographic Office, Finland; Flemish Hydrography, Belgium; Hellenic Navy Hydrographic Service, Greece; Hydrographic service office of the Kingdom of Bahrain; Hydrographic Service, Maritime Administration of Latvia; Hydrographic Office of the Polish Navy, Poland; Hydrographic Office, South Africa; State Hydrographic Service of Ukraine; Royal Malaysian Navy Servicio de Hidrografía, Oceanografía; Meteorología y Cartografiado Náutico, Venezuela; Instituto Oceanographico de la Armada, Ecuador; Instituto Idrografico Della Marina, Italy; Instituto Hidrografico, Portugal; Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Administration, Korea (Republic of); National Hydrographic Office, India; National Ocean Service, USA; Netherlands Hydrographic Office, The Netherlands; Norwegian Mapping Authority, Norway; Servicio Hidrográfico y Oceanográfico de la Armada, Chile; Swedish Maritime Administration, Sweden; Centro De Hidrografia Da Marinha, Brazil; Uruguayan Navy Oceanography, Hydrography and Meteorology Service; Argentina; Hydrographic Department, Royal Thai Navy |
| All-Russia Research Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources of the World Ocean (VNIIOkeangeologia) | Seismic data in the Southern Ocean region |
| ARGANS Ltd., UK | 3 Bathymetric data sets from optical sensors |
| British Antarctic Survey (BAS) | Predicted bathymetry data based on helicopter/flight-derived gravity data – Southern Ocean region Hodgson, D. A., Jordan, T. A., De Rydt, J., Fretwell, P. T., Seddon, S. A., Becker, D., Hogan, K. A., Smith, A. M., and Vaughan, D. G.: Past and future dynamics of the Brunt Ice Shelf from seabed bathymetry and ice shelf geometry, The Cryosphere, 13, 545–556, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-545-2019, 2019. Seismic data in the Southern Ocean region Holland, P. R., Brisbourne, A., Corr, H. F. J., McGrath, D., Purdon, K., Paden, J., Fricker, H. A., Paolo, F. S., and Fleming, A. H.: Oceanic and atmospheric forcing of Larsen C Ice-Shelf thinning, The Cryosphere, 9, 1005–1024, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-1005-2015, 2015. Hodgson, D. A., Jordan, T. A., De Rydt, J., Fretwell, P. T., Seddon, S. A., Becker, D., Hogan, K. A., Smith, A. M., and Vaughan, D. G.: Past and future dynamics of the Brunt Ice Shelf from seabed bathymetry and ice shelf geometry, The Cryosphere, 13, 545–556, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-545-2019, 2019. Brisbourne, A, Kulessa, B, Hudson, T et al. (10 more authors) (2020) An updated seabed bathymetry beneath Larsen C Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula. Earth System Science Data, 12 (2). pp. 887-896. ISSN 1866-3508 Nost, Ole. (2004). Measurements of ice thickness and seabed topography under the Fimbul Ice Shelf, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. Journal of Geophysical Research (Oceans). 109. 10.1029/2004JC002277. Rosier, Sebastian H.R. ; Hofstede, C.; Brisbourne, Alex M. ; Hattermann, T.; Nicholls, Keith W. ; Davis, Peter E.D. ; Anker, Paul G.D. ; Hillenbrand, Claus-Dieter ; Smith, Andy M. ; Corr, Hugh F.J.. 2018 A new bathymetry for the southeastern Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf: implications for modern oceanographic processes and glacial history. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 123 (7). 4610-4623. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JC013982 |
| Digitized depth contours from bathymetric maps | Contours digitized from published maps are used in the IBCAO Ver. 4 compilation where no other data are available: Cherkis, N. Z., H. S. Fleming, M. D. Max, P. R. Vogt, M. F. Czarnecki, Y. Kristoffersen, A. Midthassel, and K. Rokoengen (1991), Bathymetry of the Barents and Kara Seas, Bathymetry of the Barents and Kara Seas, Geological Society of America Map, Boulder. Scale 1:2,313,000 Matishov, G. G., N. Z. Cherkis, M. S. Vermillion, and S. L. Forman (1995), Bathymetry of the Franz Josef Land Area, Bathymetry of the Franz Josef Land area, Geological Society of America, Boulder, Colorado. Scale 1:500,000 Naryshkin, G. (1999), Bottom relief of the Arctic Ocean, Bathymetric contour map, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg. Scale 1:5,000,000 Naryshkin, G. (2001), Bottom relief of the Arctic Ocean, Bathymetric contour map, Russian Academy of Sciences. Scale 1:2,500,000 Perry, R. K., H. S. Fleming, J. R. Weber, Y. Kristoffersen, J. K. Hall, A. Grantz, G. L. Johnson, N. Z. Cherkis, and B. Larsen (1986), Bathymetry of the Arctic Ocean, Bathymetry of the Arctic Ocean, Boulder, Colorado. Scale 1:4,704,075 |
| The Head Department of Navigation and Oceanography (HDNO), Russia | Digital Bathymetric contours from charts Arctic region off Russia |
| Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), USA | Seismic data in the Southern Ocean region Seafloor depth of George VI Sound, Antarctic Peninsula, from inversion of aerogravity data: Constantino, Renata R.; Tinto, Kirsty J.; Bell, Robin E.; Porter, David F.; Jordan, Tom A. . 2020 Seafloor depth of George VI Sound, Antarctic Peninsula, from inversion of aerogravity data. Geophysical Research Letters, 47 (21), e2020GL088654. 10, pp. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL088654 Tinto, K. J., Padman, L., Siddoway, C. S., Springer, S. R., Fricker, H. A., Das, I., Caratori Tontini, F., Porter, D. F., Frearson, N. P., Howard, S. L., Siegfried, M. R., Mosbeux, C., Becker, M. K., Bertinato, C., Boghosian, A., Brady, N., Burton, B. L., Chu, W., Cordero, S. I., .Bell, R. E. (2019). Ross Ice Shelf response to climate driven by the tectonic imprint on seafloor bathymetry. Nature Geoscience, 12(6), 441-449. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0370-2 |
| Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVO), USA | Digital Bathymetric contours from charts Alaska area |
| Naval Research Laboratory, USA | Digital Bathymetric contours from charts |